The PD-1 protein is a negative co-stimulatory receptor that can bind two different but related ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. Upon binding, signals generated by PD-1 inhibit the activation of the immune response in the absence of “danger signals.” ProSci Inc.
Mechanisms and detection methods of p62/SQSTM1 and its importance in the autophagy pathway.
Mechanisms of Autophagy The ubiquitin-conjugating protein p62/SQSTM1 is thought to be a scaffold protein that interacts with a variety of molecules involved in toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, such as TRAF6, ERK, and aPKC. Recent evidence suggests that p62 binds directly
Value of qPCR in the Next Generation Sequencing Era
Next generation sequencing (NGS), such as Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), provides a high throughput approach for DNA sequencing and gene expression analysis. It is rapidly advancing our knowledge on almost all aspects of genetic research and shedding
Primary Neurons vs Neuronal Cell Lines
Neuronal cell lines are commonly used for in vitro neurobiology studies because they are more easily transfected compared to primary neurons and they proliferate, whereas primary neurons do not. Neuronal cell lines can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells,
Aging and Telomere Length Quantification by qPCR
Aging is a time-dependent decline of the body’s functional capabilities and is an inevitable course of life (as shown in the image below, extracted from the Wall Street Journal). The rate of aging though is highly variable among individuals.
The Problem with Ultracentrifugation for Exosome Isolation
Ultracentrifugation is regarded as the gold standard method for exosome isolation. The ultracentrifugation process is time consuming and may introduce protein and nucleic acid contamination. Pre-clearing samples by one or more low speed centrifugation steps will deplete the cells, platelets,
World’s First Pseudogene Transcription Analysis qPCR Kits
Pseudogenes have garnered substantial interest in current cell biology and pathology studies, as their transcription has been shown to be much more common and functionally important than previously thought. Pseudogene transcription analysis has garnered substantial interest in current cell biology
CnT-Prime Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium
The new CnT-Prime MSC medium offers class-leading culture of both bone marrow and adipose-derived MSCs. The growth rates of adipose-derived MSC exceeds key competitors (see image at right), all without using plate coatings! Cells growing in CnT-Prime MSC medium also
Not All Primary Cells are Created Equal
Primary cells, which are isolated directly from tissue, show normal cell morphology and maintain many of the important markers and functions seen in vivo. Primary cells, though, have a finite lifespan and limited expansion capacity, so it is critical to use primary
Validating the use of TransFix to stabilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of haematological malignancies
Cytomark, a division of Caltag Medsystems, recently presented a scientific poster at the ICCS2017 conference in collaboration with Bristol Royal Infirmary (Bristol, UK) “Validating the use of TransFix to stabilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of haematological malignancies”