Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) recognises pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) with a specificity for Gram-positive bacteria. TLR1 recognises peptidoglycan and triacyl lipoproteins in concert with TLR2. Pam3CSK4 is a selective agonist to the TLR1/TLR2 heterodimer complex. It is a cell permeable