cancer – Page 3 – Caltag Medsystems

cancer

OX40 – OX40L Pathway

OX40 is an activating receptor expressed on the surface of activated cytotoxic T cells & Tregs. OX40 activates & amplifies T cell responses.

Tumour cells exploit the dominance of the inhibitory TIGIT pathway to avoid immune-mediated destruction.

Dual inhibition of LAG-3 and other checkpoint pathways may synergistically increase T cell antitumour activity.

Targeting CTLA-4 restores immune response by more accumulation, function & survival of T cells, depletion of Tregs & better antitumour response.

Human Ig superfamily receptor proteins of the structural & functional diverse BTN & BTNL families are potentially important immune modulators.

CD40 is a member of the TNF receptor family expressed by APCs and B cells whereas its ligand, CD40L (CD154), is expressed by activated T cells.

Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein is an activating receptor on the surface of T cells and other immune cells, binding to its ligand GITRL.

CD137 is an activating receptor binding to CD137L, expressed on natural killer (NK) cells & T cells, therefore triggering innate & adaptive immunity.

T cell immunoglobulin & mucin-3 (TIM-3; HAVcr-2) is an immune checkpoint receptor involved in the suppression of both innate & adaptive immune cells.

ICOS/ICOSL signalling leads to the activation, proliferation and survival of cytotoxic T cells, as well as the survival of memory T cells.